AU77606
古人
hg38 / GRCh38
E11 马来 Malay: 44.05% 印度 India: 16.31% 非洲 African: 8.98% 日本 Japanese: 6.14% 华东 East Chinese: 6.11% 彝族 Southwest Chinese Yi: 4.99% 欧洲 European: 4.78% 鄂伦春 North Chinese Oroqen: 4.45% 傣族 South Chinese Dai: 1.99% 美洲 American: 1.72% 雅库特 Yakut: 0.48% K47 巴布亚 Papuan: 54.65% 马来 Malay: 15.83% 原始南岛 Proto-Austronesian: 14.24% 中地中海 Central-Med: 2.09% 西芬兰 West-Finnic: 1.98% 库施特 Kushitic: 1.84% 华南 South-Chinese: 1.70% 藏缅 Tibeto-Burman: 1.70% 蒙古 Mongolian: 1.50% 奥摩人 Omotic: 1.39% 中非 Central-African: 1.22% 东非 East-African: 0.58% 波罗的海 Baltic: 0.41% 亚马逊 Amazonian: 0.33% 南印度 South-Indian: 0.25% 西非 West-African: 0.25% 西北印度 NW-Indian: 0.05% MichalK25 巴布亚 Papuan: 46.98% 台湾原住民 Taiwanese Aboriginal: 15.22% 东亚 East Asian: 12.40% 纳索伊人 Nasoic: 12.16% 高加索 Caucasian: 2.16% 东非 East African: 2.02% 东北欧 Northeast European: 1.71% 西非 West African: 1.54% 北印度 North Indian: 1.38% 堪察加 Kamchatkan: 0.78% 中非 Central African: 0.78% 地中海 Mediterranean: 0.74% 亚马逊 Amazonian: 0.64% 阿尔泰 Altaic: 0.57% 东北亚 Northeast Asian: 0.38% 乌拉尔 Uralic: 0.28% 柏柏尔人 Berberic: 0.21% K12b 东南亚 Southeast Asian: 35.40% 南亚 South Asian: 26.38% 东亚 East Asian: 13.78% 撒哈拉以南非洲 Sub Saharan: 6.64% 大西洋地中海 Atlantic Med: 4.38% 东非 East African: 3.42% 北欧 North European: 3.07% 西伯利亚 Siberian: 2.66% 高加索 Caucasus: 2.13% 格德罗西亚 Gedrosia: 1.82% 西南亚 Southwest Asian: 0.32% puntDNAL 大洋洲 Oceanian: 54.49% 东欧亚 East Eurasian: 27.60% 南欧亚 South Eurasian: 4.93% 撒哈拉以南非洲 Sub-Saharan: 3.98% 新石器时代安纳托利亚 Anatolian Neolithic: 2.84% 西方狩猎采集者 Western HG: 2.39% 欧洲狩猎采集者－大草原 EHG-Steppe: 2.18% 美洲印第安人 Amerinidian: 1.03% 纳吐夫狩猎采集者 Natufian HG: 0.57% AncientNearEast13 巴布亚 Papuan: 51.87% 东南亚 Southeast Asian: 27.88% 撒哈拉以南非洲 Sub-Saharan: 5.19% 原始印度人 Ancestral-Indian: 3.48% 欧洲狩猎采集者 EHG: 3.34% 新石器时代安纳托利亚 Anatolia Neolithic: 3.07% 卡利吉亚纳 Karitiana: 1.13% 新石器时代伊朗 Iran-Neolithic: 0.93% 斯堪的纳维亚－西欧狩猎采集者 SHG-WHG: 0.86% 高加索狩猎采集者－早期欧洲农人 CHG-EEF: 0.78% 极地 Polar: 0.76% 纳吐夫 Natufian: 0.36% 西伯利亚 Siberian: 0.36% EastSeaK12 印度 Indian: 28.44% 傣族 Dai: 26.36% 日本 Japanese: 10.82% 汉族 Han: 10.18% 非洲 African: 8.19% 欧洲 European: 6.07% 柬埔寨 Cambodian: 5.37% 藏族 Tibetan: 2.33% 美洲印第安人 Amerindian: 1.77% 雅库特 Yakuts: 0.47% ProjectLiK11 古南岛瓦努阿图 Ancient Vanuatu: 45.03% 东亚古台湾(汉本) Ancient Taiwan / Hanben: 23.00% 东亚古黄河 East Asian / Ancient Yellow River: 7.79% 西欧亚古波斯 West Eurasian / Ancient Persia: 5.92% 非洲约鲁巴 African / Yoruba: 4.66% 南印度伊鲁拉 South India / Irula: 3.59% 安达曼 Andaman: 2.85% 美洲 American: 2.80% 尼泊尔古藏缅 Ancient Nepal: 1.97% 绳文 Jomon: 1.97% 古代蒙古 Ancient Mongolia: 0.40% ProLi14 古东南(汉本遗址) Old SE Chinese(Hanben): 30.77% 南印度(伊鲁拉) South India(Irula): 14.12% 古华中(平粮台遗址) Old Central Chinese(Ping Liang Tai): 11.65% 非洲 African: 11.53% 安达曼 Onge: 7.94% 古伊朗(扎格罗斯山脉) Old Iran(GanjDareh): 5.04% 古高原(尼泊尔) Old Nepal(Samdzong): 4.13% 古东欧(卡累利亚共和国) Old East Euro(Karelia): 3.09% 绳文 Jomon: 3.02% 古安纳托利亚农民 Ancient Anatolia Farmer: 2.97% 古西欧猎人 Ancient Euro Hunter: 2.05% 古蒙古北部 Old Mongolia North: 2.04% 古东北(黑龙江流域) Ancient NE Chinese(Devil's Gate): 1.51% 古中亚(切尔木切克人) Chemurchek: 0.13% E11 马来 Malay: 44.05% 印度 India: 16.31% 非洲 African: 8.98% 日本 Japanese: 6.14% 华东 East Chinese: 6.11% 彝族 Southwest Chinese Yi: 4.99% 欧洲 European: 4.78% 鄂伦春 North Chinese Oroqen: 4.45% 傣族 South Chinese Dai: 1.99% 美洲 American: 1.72% 雅库特 Yakut: 0.48% K47 巴布亚 Papuan: 54.65% 马来 Malay: 15.83% 原始南岛 Proto-Austronesian: 14.24% 中地中海 Central-Med: 2.09% 西芬兰 West-Finnic: 1.98% 库施特 Kushitic: 1.84% 华南 South-Chinese: 1.70% 藏缅 Tibeto-Burman: 1.70% 蒙古 Mongolian: 1.50% 奥摩人 Omotic: 1.39% 中非 Central-African: 1.22% 东非 East-African: 0.58% 波罗的海 Baltic: 0.41% 亚马逊 Amazonian: 0.33% 南印度 South-Indian: 0.25% 西非 West-African: 0.25% 西北印度 NW-Indian: 0.05% MichalK25 巴布亚 Papuan: 46.98% 台湾原住民 Taiwanese Aboriginal: 15.22% 东亚 East Asian: 12.40% 纳索伊人 Nasoic: 12.16% 高加索 Caucasian: 2.16% 东非 East African: 2.02% 东北欧 Northeast European: 1.71% 西非 West African: 1.54% 北印度 North Indian: 1.38% 堪察加 Kamchatkan: 0.78% 中非 Central African: 0.78% 地中海 Mediterranean: 0.74% 亚马逊 Amazonian: 0.64% 阿尔泰 Altaic: 0.57% 东北亚 Northeast Asian: 0.38% 乌拉尔 Uralic: 0.28% 柏柏尔人 Berberic: 0.21% K12b 东南亚 Southeast Asian: 35.40% 南亚 South Asian: 26.38% 东亚 East Asian: 13.78% 撒哈拉以南非洲 Sub Saharan: 6.64% 大西洋地中海 Atlantic Med: 4.38% 东非 East African: 3.42% 北欧 North European: 3.07% 西伯利亚 Siberian: 2.66% 高加索 Caucasus: 2.13% 格德罗西亚 Gedrosia: 1.82% 西南亚 Southwest Asian: 0.32% puntDNAL 大洋洲 Oceanian: 54.49% 东欧亚 East Eurasian: 27.60% 南欧亚 South Eurasian: 4.93% 撒哈拉以南非洲 Sub-Saharan: 3.98% 新石器时代安纳托利亚 Anatolian Neolithic: 2.84% 西方狩猎采集者 Western HG: 2.39% 欧洲狩猎采集者－大草原 EHG-Steppe: 2.18% 美洲印第安人 Amerinidian: 1.03% 纳吐夫狩猎采集者 Natufian HG: 0.57% AncientNearEast13 巴布亚 Papuan: 51.87% 东南亚 Southeast Asian: 27.88% 撒哈拉以南非洲 Sub-Saharan: 5.19% 原始印度人 Ancestral-Indian: 3.48% 欧洲狩猎采集者 EHG: 3.34% 新石器时代安纳托利亚 Anatolia Neolithic: 3.07% 卡利吉亚纳 Karitiana: 1.13% 新石器时代伊朗 Iran-Neolithic: 0.93% 斯堪的纳维亚－西欧狩猎采集者 SHG-WHG: 0.86% 高加索狩猎采集者－早期欧洲农人 CHG-EEF: 0.78% 极地 Polar: 0.76% 纳吐夫 Natufian: 0.36% 西伯利亚 Siberian: 0.36% EastSeaK12 印度 Indian: 28.44% 傣族 Dai: 26.36% 日本 Japanese: 10.82% 汉族 Han: 10.18% 非洲 African: 8.19% 欧洲 European: 6.07% 柬埔寨 Cambodian: 5.37% 藏族 Tibetan: 2.33% 美洲印第安人 Amerindian: 1.77% 雅库特 Yakuts: 0.47% ProjectLiK11 古南岛瓦努阿图 Ancient Vanuatu: 45.03% 东亚古台湾(汉本) Ancient Taiwan / Hanben: 23.00% 东亚古黄河 East Asian / Ancient Yellow River: 7.79% 西欧亚古波斯 West Eurasian / Ancient Persia: 5.92% 非洲约鲁巴 African / Yoruba: 4.66% 南印度伊鲁拉 South India / Irula: 3.59% 安达曼 Andaman: 2.85% 美洲 American: 2.80% 尼泊尔古藏缅 Ancient Nepal: 1.97% 绳文 Jomon: 1.97% 古代蒙古 Ancient Mongolia: 0.40% ProLi14 古东南(汉本遗址) Old SE Chinese(Hanben): 30.77% 南印度(伊鲁拉) South India(Irula): 14.12% 古华中(平粮台遗址) Old Central Chinese(Ping Liang Tai): 11.65% 非洲 African: 11.53% 安达曼 Onge: 7.94% 古伊朗(扎格罗斯山脉) Old Iran(GanjDareh): 5.04% 古高原(尼泊尔) Old Nepal(Samdzong): 4.13% 古东欧(卡累利亚共和国) Old East Euro(Karelia): 3.09% 绳文 Jomon: 3.02% 古安纳托利亚农民 Ancient Anatolia Farmer: 2.97% 古西欧猎人 Ancient Euro Hunter: 2.05% 古蒙古北部 Old Mongolia North: 2.04% 古东北(黑龙江流域) Ancient NE Chinese(Devil's Gate): 1.51% 古中亚(切尔木切克人) Chemurchek: 0.13%
女
Papua New Guinea
The ancient inhabitants of New Guinea and its outlying islands have played an essential role in the population history of Oceania and adjacent regions. However, inferences about the genetic history of Near Oceania are solely made from present-day people, with no ancient genomes available from New Guinea to date. Present-day coastal populations of Papua New Guinea (PNG) harbour East Asian-related ancestry, raising questions regarding the source of this genetic component and the date of admixture with local populations. In this study, we analyse ancient genetic, isotopic and microfossil data of individuals from three archaeological sites from mainland PNG and one site from the Bismarck Archipelago (Watom Island). Our time transect in the Bismarck Archipelago (~2700-500 years before present (BP)) reveals the presence of people with local 87Sr/86Sr-isotopic values and Papuan-related ancestry dating from 2700-2600 BP. The east Asian ancestry component is inferred to admix with Papuan-related ~2100BP, over a millennium after the earliest occurrence of the Lapita cultural complex on the Bismarck Archipelago. Three coastal sites of mainland PNG date to the last 700 years, and show that people on the coasts of Papua New Guinea were involved in diverse and complex interaction spheres, contributing to the genetic variation observed today. The multidisciplinary comparison of two very nearby, and roughly contemporaneous sites on the southern coast shows different interactions spheres, possibly reflected in the linguistic and cultural diversity observed today. An IBD-based method reveals that the populations of two geographical proximal sites split ~650 years ago, coinciding with a period of intensified settlement activities and trade, perhaps providing an example of shifting societal interactions related to changing environmental circumstances.
新几内亚及其外围岛屿的古代居民在大洋洲和邻近地区的人口历史中发挥了重要作用。然而，关于近大洋洲遗传历史的推断完全是基于当今的人们，迄今为止新几内亚没有古代基因组。巴布亚新几内亚 (PNG) 的当今沿海人口拥有与东亚相关的血统，这引发了人们对这种遗传成分的来源以及与当地人口混合的日期的疑问。在本研究中，我们分析了来自巴布亚新几内亚大陆三个考古遗址和俾斯麦群岛 (Watom Island) 一个遗址的个体的古代遗传、同位素和微化石数据。我们在俾斯麦群岛 (约 2700-500 年前 (BP)) 的时间横断面揭示了具有当地 87Sr/86Sr 同位素值和巴布亚相关血统的人的存在，其血统可追溯到 2700-2600 年前。推测东亚血统成分与巴布亚相关的约 2100BP 混合，这距俾斯麦群岛上最早出现的拉皮塔文化复合体已有一千多年。巴布亚新几内亚大陆的三个沿海遗址可追溯到最近 700 年，表明巴布亚新几内亚海岸的人们参与了多样而复杂的互动领域，导致了今天观察到的遗传变异。对南部海岸两个非常接近且大致同时期的遗址进行多学科比较，显示出不同的互动领域，这可能反映在今天观察到的语言和文化多样性中。基于 IBD 的方法表明，两个地理上相近的遗址的人口在约 650 年前分裂，恰逢定居活动和贸易加强的时期，或许提供了一个与环境情况变化相关的社会互动转变的例子。
The impact of dispersals and local interactions on the ancient genetic diversity of Papua New Guinea over the past 2500 years
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